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Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, KG (1387 – 22 March 1421), was the second son of King Henry IV of England and his first wife, Mary de Bohun. After the death of his father he participated in the military campaigns of his brother King Henry V. Heir to the thone in the event of his brother's death, he was left in charge of English forces when Henry returned temporarily to England after his marriage to Catherine of Valois. He led the English in their disastrous defeat at the hands of a mainly Scottish force coming to the aid of the French, at the Battle of Baugé. In a rash attack he and his leading knights were surrounded and Thomas was killed. ==Early life== He was born before 25 November 1387 as on that date his father's accounts note a payment made to a woman described as his nurse.〔Ian Mortimer, ''The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King'', Vintage, (2007), p. 372)〕 Thomas married Lady Margaret Holland, widow of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, in November or December of 1411. No children were born from this union, though Thomas was stepfather to her six children from her first marriage. He had, however, a natural son, Sir John Clarence, called "Bastard of Clarence" who fought by his father's side in France. After his father became ill in 1411, his older brother became head of the royal council. Conflicts arose between the young Henry and his father when the prince gathered a group of supporters favouring his policy of declaring war on France. The prince was removed from the council by his father after he had defied the king's wishes by persuading it to declare war. Thomas was given his brother's seat, and fell in line with his father's peace policy.〔 J. Madison Davis, ''The Shakespeare Name and Place Dictionary'', Routledge, 2012, p.399.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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